The Coach and the Coaching Relationship,Two: Agendas

A critical thing that I must do before every coaching session is to clear myself of any agendas I might inadvertently take with me into the session. I have to be willing to surrender what I know for what is available through the client’s own guidance and inner wisdom.  I have to release any idea that I might be holding onto regarding what is “best” for this client. Invariably any agenda I bring in will be a projection of my own issues or stories. 

 The challenge of remaining agenda and advice free releases the coach from the natural human condition of wanting to “help,” “fix,” or as the Chinese philosopher Lao Tzu saw it, to “meddle”. Some 600 years ago Lao Tzu saw that a sensible human would say, “If I keep from meddling with people, they take care of themselves. If I keep from commanding people, they behave themselves. If I keep from preaching at people, they improve themselves. If I keep from imposing on people, they become themselves (Bynner, 1994, p.61).

Abraham Maslow, too, believed in the Taoist model for working with others; a person who offers assistance without interference. Maslow used the example of a good coach who works with an athlete’s natural style to strengthen and improve his or her style. A skillful coach, Maslow believed, does not try to force all athletes into the same mold and in the same way good parents are like Taoist helpers when they resist doing everything for their child (cited in Frager and Fadiman, 2005).

 Carl Rogers’ advice regarding the person-centered qualities of the therapist is relevant to the work of the coach within the coaching relationship. The relationship, Rogers believed, should be sufficiently warm, accepting and understanding. By understanding, Rogers meant “the willingness and ability to understand the client’s thoughts, feelings and struggles from the client’s point of view; the ability to see completely through the client’s eyes and his frame of reference” (cited in Frager and Fadiman, 2005, p.358).

Bynner, Witter (translator). The Way of Life According to Lao Tzu (New York, Capricorn Books, 1994)

Frager, Robert and Fadiman, James. Personality and Personal Growth Sixth Edition. (New Jersey, Pearson Education Inc. 2005)

The Coach and the Coaching Relationship,One

This series of posts on The Coach and the Coaching Relationship continue the exploration into how the Essentials coaching model creates a transformational shift for clients who do the work required.

In the Essentials Coaches’ Manual the opening paragraph states “As Essentials coaches we have the profound privilege of supporting individuals to take 100% responsibility for their lives, and in doing so learn how to create the life of their dreams.  Through the sixteen-week coaching structure, we are committed to enrolling our clients in the infinite possibility of themselves.”

What is it, I considered as I read these words, that the coach themselves does or doesn’t do each session in order to support a human being to re-create their life in a conscious manner?  What is it that a coach brings with them into the coaching relationship or perhaps, just as importantly, doesn’t bring into the coaching relationship, that facilitates enrolling clients in the possibility of themselves?

Or more simply put, what is it that coaches need to do so that they can bring all of themselves into the coaching relationship and at the same time bring so little of them so that they can operate as a clean instrument for transformation?

In the following posts I will explore what the coach does to prepare her/himself prior to the call; the skills that are utilized within the coaching sessions; the concept of relationship itself and also the training of the coach and the qualities they bring with them.

Immediately prior to each coaching session, I prepare myself for the session ahead by allowing myself a brief period of stillness and meditation.  As I become still and centered and aware of the sacredness of what I am entering into during the coaching relationship I know that I will access my inner wisdom, be a conduit for the clients inner wisdom and also invite in universal wisdom; three aspects of what I believe are the same totality.

I may offer a conscious intention which, I have experienced, offers power and focus to the coaching process.  It may be as simple as being deeply in the listening process for that client or it may be an intention for the client; perhaps that they are able to connect deeply with inner wisdom on this call.

As the call begins, I profoundly relate with the client; I enter profoundly into the coach-client relationship through positively aligning myself with the client, with their presence or their essence. Certainly the most effective coaching can take place when a client feels confident in, safe and connected with the coach.  The relationship is built upon authenticity and openness and allows for the coach to give direct feedback, hold the client accountable, take the client into uncomfortable places if necessary and continually hold the client in their highest possibility.

Releasing Human Potential through Self-Responsibility Five: Self-Actualising?

I am led to wonder, as coaching clients in the Essentials programme are invited to commandeer their will and step into the place of self-responsibility in all aspects of their life, as they access inner wisdom and take actions in the world, are we, in fact, inviting and guiding them along the self-actualization or individuation process? Are we guiding them to be more whole human beings? 

Certainly, I think some of the excitement I experience at witnessing the process of transformation within clients comes from observing the actualization of potential. It feels a little like Carl Roger’ s biological analogy in that there is an opening, a blossoming or as May commented, a “stepping into.”

 In The Farther Reaches of Human Nature (1971), Maslow observed that as a person becomes integrated, so does his world. As he feels good so does the world look good. I believe this is what I am observing in Essentials. Clients, who do the work and integrate what they have learned and experienced, enter a process where they are engaged in the possibility of wholeness. Essentials is about inviting clients into a journey of surrender; surrendering to old ways of seeing and being in the world and stepping creatively, fully and at some point, joyfully into a new reality. As Rachel Levy, a psychotherapist and former staff member at the Ford Institute for Integrative Coaching commented to me, “Essentials is a process of emotional and spiritual education. It is about understanding our system and how we’re designed to function so we can integrate and claim our wholeness.”

This is the process of transformation as I see it; an innate and natural process of human growth that becomes stifled in most of us. As Maslow commented, “We fear our highest possibilities (as well as our lowest ones). We are generally afraid to become that which we can glimpse in our most perfect moments, under the most perfect conditions, under conditions of greatest courage…” (Maslow, 1971, p. 34)

I am compelled to believe also that the creation of the ego-Self relationship in “Essentials” plays a critical part in engaging clients in the process of self-actualizing and also individuation. As the relationship between ego and Self is strengthened, the client experiences what Jung described as this innate urge towards wholeness. This is my own experience and my observation of others. There is an urge to integrate one’s life by taking responsibility for pulling the pieces of one’s life back together; for moving from a state of fragmentation towards some semblance of wholeness.

References

Maslow, Abraham. The Farther Reaches of Human Nature (New York, Penguin Putnam Inc, 1971)

Releasing Human Potential through Self-Responsibility Four: Maslow, Jung, Rogers

This post outlines a summarized version (by psychologists Frager and Fadiman) of the eight behaviours Maslow believed were required for self-actualisation:

 1. Concentration: “First self-actualization means experiencing fully, vividly, selflessly,with full concentration and total absorption.”

2. Growth Choices: If we think of life as a series of choices, then self-actualization is the process of making each decision a choice for growth.

3. Self-awareness. In the process of self-actualizing we become more aware of our inner nature and act in accordance with it.

4. Honesty. Honesty and taking responsibility for one’s actions are essential elements in self-actualizing.

5. Judgment. The first four steps help us develop the capacity for better life choices. We learn to trust our own judgment and our own inner feelings and to act accordingly.

6. Self-development. Self-actualization is also a continual process of developing one’s potentialities. Self-actualization is not a thing that someone either has or does not have. It is a never ending process of making real one’s potential. It refers to a way of continually living, working and relating to the world rather than to a single accomplishment.

7. Peak experiences. Peak experiences are transient moments of self-actualization. We are more whole, more integrated, more aware of ourselves and of the world during peak moments.

8. Lack of ego defenses. A further step in self-actualization is to recognize our ego defenses and to be able to drop them when appropriate.

 Maslow believed that self-actualization represents a long-term commitment to growth and to the development of capabilities to the fullest, as well as being work that involves the choice of worthwhile creative goals. “One cannot choose wisely for a life,” stated Maslow, “unless he dares to listen to himself, his own self, at each moment in life.” (Maslow, 1971, p.41).

 This is a similar, although less complex idea, to that of Jung’s individuation. According to Jung, (Frager and Fadiman, 2005) every individual naturally seeks individuation, or self-development. The psyche, he believed, has an innate urge towards wholeness. Individuation is a natural, organic process. It is the unfolding of our basic nature, and is a fundamental drive in each of us. It is a process of achieving wholeness and thus moving towards greater freedom. As discussed in the posts on inner wisdom, the process involves development of a dynamic relationship between the ego and the Self.

Carl Rogers believed the self-actualizing tendency was part of human nature. He concluded that in each of us lies an inherent drive towards being as competent and capable as we are biologically able to be. “As a plant grows to become a healthy plant, as a seed contains within it the push to become a tree, so a person is impelled to become a whole, complete and self-actualized person” stated Rogers (Cited in Frager and Fadiman, p.319). For Rogers, the tendency toward self-actualization is more than simply another motive among many; it is the primary motivational drive.

 References

Frager, Robert and Fadiman, James. Personality and Personal Growth Sixth Edition. (New Jersey, Pearson Education Inc. 2005)

Maslow, Abraham. The Farther Reaches of Human Nature (New York, Penguin Putnam Inc, 1971)

Releasing Human Potential through Self Responsibility Three:Maslow

In exploring the role of willingness in self-responsibility it seems that there is an interdependent relationship at play here. First we must be willing, that is, have a willingness to open to the process, to the possibility of transformation. Then we must be prepared to assert or express our will and thus take responsibility for our lives. Once we start to embrace this concept of self-responsibility and begin taking responsibility for our thoughts, beliefs and words we then take required action and become motivated to live a life that we are fully participating in.

Once we are motivated we are moving into a process of releasing our human potential. Abraham Maslow had much to say about this idea of releasing human potential

Maslow developed his well known “Hierarchy of Needs” theory that shows in ascending order how human beings must have, first, physiological needs met, then safety needs, followed by belonging and love, and then esteem needs. At the top of the pyramid, Maslow placed the concept of self-actualization which he described as the full use of a person’s talents and capacities. Even if all the lower needs are satisfied, Maslow believed that the individual would still feel frustrated or incomplete unless he or she experienced this concept of self-actualization.

 Maslow believed self-actualization was not a static state, but rather an on-going process in which one’s capacities are fully, creatively and joyfully utilized. In fact, Maslow believed that the average man was a full human being with dampened and inhibited powers and capacities (cited in Frager and Fadiman, 2005, p.347).

In his last book, The Farther Reaches of Human Nature, Maslow describes eight behaviors leading to self actualization. As I examined these behaviors I could see, that to some degree, all are advocated by the coach in Essentials. Frager and Fadiman (2005) advise that these behaviors are not a neat, clean, logically tight discussion, but it represents the culmination of Maslow’s thinking on self-actualization. The following post provides a summarized version of that presented by psychologists Frager and Fadiman (2005, p.350)

References

Frager, Robert and Fadiman, James. Personality and Personal Growth Sixth Edition. (New Jersey, Pearson Education Inc. 2005)

Releasing Human Potential through Self-Responsibility Two: Willingness

Shellenberger and Green (UPR lecture series) comment that without self responsibilityhuman potential will not be actualized. Although they believe all levels of high-level wellness are equally important, without an active sense of accountability for our own well-being, we won’t have the necessary motivation to lead a health-enhancing lifestyle; that is, we’re not likely to put energy into activities that are required for optimal health and functioning. Thus, if we limit this dimension we will not grow in other areas. As illuminated in Essentials, Shellenberger and Green express what they determine is the obvious truth, that “you are the only one who has total responsibility for your own life.”  

 I would agree that in order to realize human potential, humans must fully embrace this concept of self-responsibility, or as we say in Essentials, it must become something that the client is keenly aware of —a frame of reference and even a way of life. So what is the process then? What is involved in moving oneself to a foundation of accepting complete responsibility for all aspects of one’s life? It seems to me, from my own experience as a client and from observing my clients’ experiences, that the shift to self responsibility involves determinedly engaging one’s will.

Roberto Assagioli (cited in Shellenberger &Green, UPR lecture series), renowned for his work as the founder of psychosynthesis, determined that there was a relationship between will and wholeness, and thus human potential. Assagioli gives to will, the role of awakening the person to self and to the potential of the self. He realized that however one discovers the will, it is like a revelation that changes one’s perception of self and capabilities. The function of will is similar to the role performed by the helmsman of a ship, controlling the direction of the journey. By using willpower Assagioli believed we gained a sense of competence, of self and of wholeness that leads to new goals and greater willpower.

Psychiatrist Gerald May in his book Will and Spirit also discusses the idea of will in regards to the development of the human being. He believes that both willingness and willfulness become possibilities every time we truly engage life. He clearly differentiates these two concepts and their outcome for the individual. Willingness, he believes, implies a surrendering of one’s self separateness, an entering-into, an immersion in the deepest processes of life itself. It is a realization that one already is a part of some ultimate cosmic process and it is a commitment to participation in that process.

In contrast to this, May sees willfulness as the setting of oneself apart from the fundamental essence of life in an attempt to master, direct, control, or otherwise manipulate existence. “More simply,” declares May, “willingness is saying yes to the mystery of being alive in each moment. Willfulness is saying no, or perhaps more commonly, “Yes, but…”

References

May, Gerald G. Will and Spirit (New York, HarperCollins Publishers, 1982)

Shellenberger, R and Green, J.  Self Regulation: The Foundation of Human Potential Lecture Series. (Los Angeles, University of Philosophical Research)

 

Releasing Human Potential Through Self-Responsibility: One

This series of posts continues the exploration into how the Essentials coaching process creates a shift in consciousness for clients.

 The concept of responsibility forms a foundation for the coaching process and is introduced to the client in the first session. It is highlighted as being the biggest culprit in causing unhappiness, upset, dissatisfaction and emotional pain for us as humans. Once clients share their interpretation of the meaning of responsibility, the coach offers the definition used within the context of Essentials: “being willing to own and accept that you are the only person who can truly make any change in your life.” It is explained that this includes giving up any desire to be rescued or taken care of. It is ceasing to wait for someone else to fix what’s not working in our life and deciding that we are the one who will do it. It is clearly explained to clients that although the coach is there to support them in taking responsibility for creating an extraordinary life, it is they who must decide their level of commitment; as with anything else in life, what they put into the coaching relationship will determine the kind of results that they will get.

            If I had to pinpoint one single theme that recurs most frequently and most consistently throughout the program it is the concept of self-responsibility. Clients are left in no doubt that the results they achieve in the coaching relationship (and more importantly in their life post-process) rest squarely with them. This concept was a startling reality for me as a client. I know that for decades I was “secretly” waiting to be discovered. I had a degree of talent, skills and knowledge; surely it was only a matter of time before my dreams came true and my life unfolded just as I always hoped it would!   As a client within the program I eventually came to see that the unfolding of my life just as I had always dreamed it would demand a considerable amount of focus and energy, and all of that focus and energy would need to come from me!

            A common “shift” that I observe in clients is when they realize they are taking full responsibility for themselves and their lives and are enormously proud of this achievement. In effect, they stop waiting for the miracle event or series of events to occur and are making their own way in life. In short, clients are on a sixteen-week journey to self-responsibility or, one could say, engaged in a sixteen-week process of exploring self-responsibility, and the coach supports them and holds them accountable for the success of that journey or that process.

Taking Action: Three (SMART Goals)

In Essentials, goals are defined as being clear, reality-based objectives that support us in fulfilling our visions and provide a reliable method for getting where we want to go. Clients are guided via the internal exercise to see a goal that will move them powerfully forward toward their vision and to identify specific milestones or events that will help mark the progress towards their goal. The following session focuses on creating a plan that ensures delivery of the goal and milestones. Clients are guided to see what structures they need to put in place, how much time and flexibility they must build in, what skills they already have and what they need to develop as well as exploring what self-sabotaging thoughts or behaviors might de-rail their process.

My experience with this Essentials goals setting and planning process was that it was similar to a process that I’d used when I worked in management roles in the New Zealand health system. Thus, I reiterate that the process itself is not unique; rather it is a tried and true system, similar to that used on a regular basis by individuals and companies all over the world. The difference lies, I believe, in that the process is internalized for the client. Rather than it being solely an intellectual exercise, the goal itself and the structured plan that ensures the success of the goal, are formulated from the place of the client’s inner wisdom. From this place the client begins to take what Ford Institute trainer Cliff Edwards described as “new kind of action” which in itself can change belief systems and generate self-confidence.

This is an example of what Debbie Ford refers to as waking up from autopilot and taking control of the gears. This is when the client realizes they want to be (and I would add, are now capable of being) the driver and not driven. No longer are they prepared to be dictated to by the past; a new reality, one driven by an increased level of mindfulness resulting from a dissolution of old non-serving beliefs and patterns of thought and behavior begins to unfold.  This new way of being leads to new actions in the world, which in itself, reinforces and enhances this increased level of mindfulness. Thus clients have now placed themselves in a powerful reinforcing cycle of more mindful thoughts, behaviors and actions which align to their innermost value system.

By taking action in the world clients are able to embody this transformative process so that the transformation is expressed in specific and decisive ways that make a difference to them and to those around them.

 

Taking Action: Two (Just Do It)

Taking action, this idea of “just doing it” arising from internal wisdom, is so instrumental in creating change and breaking through resistance for Essential clients. When I spoke with staff at the Ford Institute for Integrative Coaching they were very clear about this.

Cliff Edwards, who trained coaches to be certified in the Essentials program, believes a consciousness shift occurs from a combination of factors. Firstly, the client who is willing and has a desire to shift receives specific information. Based on this information he or she then tries out acting in new ways and having new results. “People see things working in different ways through taking new kinds of action,” comments Cliff. “This changes people’s belief systems and creates a shift in perspective. They are able to see things from another point of view and preferably multiple points of view.”

 Jeff Malone, also from the Ford Institute, believes that Essentials demands action. “What is key, is the constant call to action; actions that are guided and directed by inner wisdom.  These actions slide us along our pre-determined path.”

Donna Lipman, a former staff member, observes that the programme is not about just the clients’ inner world, but their outer world also. “Without action in the outer world” she asserts, “there is little movement.”

Although actions arise on a weekly basis, it is in weeks ten and eleven in the programme, when a specific goal is set by the client with a structured action plan to support them that I believe change in the outside world begins to take on its own momentum.

            The goal setting and the structure of the plan that is developed are not, in themselves, unique. In fact similar processes can be found on internet sites and in countless management and personal development books. Janelle Barlow, in her UPR lecture series on “Outer and Inner Creativity” outlines a process for goal setting and planning that is in line with that used in Essentials. She describes a goal as a condition one wishes to achieve; a situation you want to be in when you have carried out certain actions. She recommends guidelines for setting goals such as writing them down, specifying size, dates and priorities, owning them as yours and reviewing and updating them as required. Barlow is clear that goals should fulfill the well known SMART criteria that include being specific, measurable, agreed on, realistic and time based.

 References

 Barlow, Janelle. Outer and Inner Creativity Lecture Series.  (University of Philosophical Research, Los Angeles)

Taking Action: One (Resisting)

This series of three posts continues the exploration into how the Essentials Coaching Programme creates a transformation (or perception shift) for clients.

When I was in the role of client, being coached through Essentials, I recall being somewhat irritated that there were always action steps that I needed to take in the outside world. Each week, as I was guided by my coach through the internal exercise, my inner wisdom would give me clear action steps that I needed to do that week. Sometimes it was as simple as placing some written notes — perhaps in the form of a new commitment or belief or realization — around the house where I could not help but see them several times a day. Sometimes it was journaling; other times to communicate a particular message or to complete some previously uncompleted tasks, or engage in a new task or activity. Whatever it was, small or seemingly large, there was always something to do, and this irritated me!  I was sure I could bring about the change I wanted in my life without the “doing” involved. I was a disciplined, determined person, I thought. Surely I could change my life for the better just by working through things at an intellectual level and having that emotional and psychological commitment.

Surprisingly, it took me some time to realize that if I really believed I could bring about the change I wanted in my life then I had to ask why hadn’t I been able to do it before. My goal was relatively simple, I thought. I wanted to establish a regular meditation practice; a time for me to sit down, cease all activity and become fully present to the moment, to the universe, to ultimate reality. A simple goal surely, yet one that continued to elude me as a regular practice year after year, even though, with each passing year, a voice within me was becoming more and more insistent that this practice was desperately needed in my life.

To fast forward this story, I can relate that I now have the regular meditation practice I so desired and so needed in my life. One of the key reasons I have it, is that for sixteen weeks I continued to do the tasks in the outside world that I was guided via my internal wisdom to complete each week. As the now infamous Nike ad suggested, I just did it, despite my irritation and effrontery at having to “do” in the world. I was able to step out of my excuses and negative thought patterns and in this more centered and mindful state of being, the actions that had been evading me were able to unfold.